哥本哈根停车场上的红色屋顶 P-Hus + Konditaget Lüders / JAJA Architects
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JAJA Architects：停车场应该是城市不可分割的一部分。但如何挑战传统单一使用功能的停车场呢？如何创造一个多功能性的停车结构，并成为一个吸引人的公共空间？如何创建一个尊重哥本哈根新开发区Nordhavn的规模、历史和未来城市文化的大型停车场？
JAJA Architects：Parking houses should be an integral part of the city. But how can we challenge the monofunctional use of the conventional parking house? How do we create a functional parking structure, which is also an attractive public space? And how do we create a large parking house that respects the scale, history and future urban culture of the new development area Nordhavn in Copenhagen?
新停车场位于Arhusgadekvarteret，这是诺德哈文主要开发计划的第一阶段。该街区目前正在开发中，未来将同时容纳新老建筑。如今，这个因其历史悠久和特色鲜明的红砖海港建筑而被称为“红色街区”的地区，未来的发展将建立在这一历史特征的基础上，将现有的特征融入新的景观表现中。
The new parking house is situated in Århusgadekvarteret, which is the first phase of a major development plan for Nordhavn. The neighbourhood is currently under development and will in the future host a mix of new and existing buildings. Today, the area is known as the Red Neighbourhood because of the historical and characteristic red brick harbour buildings. The future development will build upon this historical trait and merge existing characteristics into new interpretations.
竞赛项目的起点是由客户提供一个传统的停车场结构。竞赛的任务是创造一个吸引人的绿色立面和一个鼓励人们使用屋顶的概念。
The starting point for the competition project was a conventional parking house structure, provided by the client. The competition task was then to create an attractive green façade and a concept that would encourage people to use the rooftop.
我们没有隐藏停车场的结构，而是提出了一个概念，增强结构网格的美感，同时打破其巨大的立面规模。我们将植物箱系统放置在与网格相关的节奏中，引入了一个新的尺度，同时也将绿色植物分布在整个立面上。立面上的植物盒子网格被两个大型公共楼梯穿透，这两个楼梯有一个连续的栏杆，延伸至屋顶形成一个奇妙的操场。从一个简单的栏杆，它变成了秋千，球笼，丛林体育馆以及更多的趣味设施。从街道上看过去，栏杆牵引着游客，邀他们欣赏屋顶景观和哥本哈根港的美景。
Instead of concealing the parking structure, we propose a concept that enhances the beauty of the structural grid while breaking up the scale of the massive façade. A system of plant boxes is placed in a rhythm relating to the grid, which introduces a new scale while also distributing the greenery across the entire façade. The grid of plant boxes on the facade is then penetrated by two large public stairs, which have a continuous railing that becomes a fantastic playground on the rooftop. From being a mere railing it transforms to becoming swings, ball cages, jungle gyms and more. From street level, the railing literally takes the visitors by the hand; invite them on a trip to the rooftop landscape and amazing view of the Copenhagen Harbour.
这个项目是基于一个标准的、预定义的混凝土结构。我们的方案建议第二层成为一个通用的、多层次停车场顶部的主动过滤器。建筑结构具有合理性和工业感，符合该地区的精神和历史；然而，传统的混凝土停车结构会显得冰冷而僵硬。因此我们提出了一个红色的混凝土结构，作为该地区特色红砖的自然延续。通过这种简单的措施，灰色框架被改造成了一个独特的建筑结构，通过其材料和表面辐射出温暖感和亲密感，与以红色屋顶瓦片和砖为主的环境相协调。
This project is based on a standard, pre-defined concrete structure. As a second layer, our proposal becomes the active filter on top of a generic, multi level car park. The structure has a rational and industrial crudeness, which suits the area’s spirit and history; however, the traditional concrete parking structure can appear cold and hard. As a natural continuation of the area’s red brick identity, we propose a red colouring of the concrete structure. With this simple measure, the grey frame is transformed into a unique building structure, which radiates warmth and intimacy through its materiality and surface, in harmony with the surroundings that are dominated by red roof tiles and bricks.
© Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
在紧凑的城市环境中，这座建筑无疑是个巨大的体量，更由于它靠近周围的城市空间，近距离才能看到停车场。为了给大型建筑提供一定的场地尺度，我们提议立面种植，其中绿色结构与后面的建筑相互作用。
The building will be a large volume in a compact, urban setting, and because of its proximity to the surrounding urban spaces, the parking house will predominately be seen from close-up. To provide scale to the large building, we propose planted façades where a green structure interacts with the building behind.
绿色立面由植物“搁置系统”组成，它象征停车结构，并与后面柱子的节奏相协调。植物箱引入了尺度和深度，为立面带来了一定的节奏。植物箱的放置模拟停车场的网格结构，每隔一列就有一个盒子交错放置。植物箱系统给立面带来了细节和活力，同时也与相邻建筑的比例和细节相匹配。植物结构覆盖了所有四个立面，为整个建筑提供了连贯性和统一性。从时间的角度来看，绿色的立面在有色混凝土上提供最快的植物生长。立面的表达基于结构与自然、结构与有机的相互作用，并表达了两者之间令人兴奋的相互依存关系。
The green façade is made up of a plant “shelving system”, which emphasises the parking structure and interacts with the rhythm of columns behind. Plant boxes introduce scale and depth, and provide rhythm to the façade. The placement of plant boxes follows the grid of the parking house, and there is a box placed in a staggered rhythm for every second column, in the full height of the building. The system of plant boxes brings depth and dynamic to the façade, while also matching the neighbouring buildings’ proportions and detailing. The plant structure covers all four façades, and provides coherence and identity to the whole building. The green façade is planned into a time perspective, to provide for the quickest possible plant growth against the tinted concrete. The expression of the façades is based on an interaction between structure and nature, the structural vs. the organic, and provides an exciting interdependence between the two.
© Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
© Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
活动停车场的基本原则是为当地居民和游客提供一个无障碍和娱乐性的屋顶。因此，在创建活动屋顶时，可见性和可达性至关重要。通往开放广场的楼梯提供了街道和屋顶之间的对角线连接，引导人们沿着立面上行。楼梯的走向也遵循着建筑的结构节奏，每一个楼梯平台都可以看到周围的城市空间的景观，在顶部，还可以看到哥本哈根港的风景。
The basic principle of an active parking house is the idea of an accessible and recreational roof offered to local inhabitants and visitors alike. Visibility and accessibility are therefore essential when creating a living roof. A staircase towards the open square provides a diagonal connection between street- and roof level, and invites people to ascend along the façade. The course of the staircase follows the building’s structural rhythm, and each landing provides a view across the surrounding urban spaces and at the top, a view to the roofs of Copenhagen.
楼梯指的是Pompidou中心，沿着立面的运动本身就是一种体验。沿着楼梯的后壁，我们和我们在RAMA Studio的朋友一起制作了一个图绘，它以抽象、形象的形式传达了这个地区的历史。这些在街道上就能看到，当游客沿着楼梯上行时，叙述会更加紧密。沿着这里，我们还建立了停车场的备用入口。它了一个过去和未来的故事，成为了一个关于该地区工业历史和未来的现代故事，作为哥本哈根港口的新发展。北立面和南立面上的两层楼梯作为垂直通道穿过绿树，清晰地标志着街道与活动屋顶之间的联系。
The staircase has references to Centre Pompidou, where the movement along the façade is an experience in itself. Along the back wall of the staircase, we worked with our friends at RAMA Studio to create a graphical frieze, which, in an abstract, figurative form conveys the history of the area. The narrative can be seen from street level, and followed more closely when the visitor ascends along the staircase. Along here, we also establish alternative access points to the parking levels. The frieze tells a story of past and future, and becomes a modern tale of the area’s industrial history and its future as Copenhagen’s new development by the harbour. The two flights of stairs on the Northern and Southern façades stand out as vertical passages through the greenery, and clearly mark the connection between street level and the active roof.
红线是穿过停车结构公共空间的物理向导，楼梯上的扶手引导游客从街道上过来。就好像是一个雕塑向导，它几乎是牵着游客的手，沿着楼梯一直走到顶部，穿过屋顶上的活动景观。在屋顶，它变成了一座雕塑，提供了体验、休息、游戏空间。沿着红线提供的活动是传统的，比如荡秋千、攀爬等。
The red thread is a physical guide through the parking structure’s public spaces, which leads the visitor from street level, where the guide is introduced as a handrail on the staircase. As a sculptural guide it almost literally takes the visitor by the hand, and leads along the stairs to the top and through the activity landscape on the roof. Here, it becomes a sculpture and offers experiences, resting spaces, play areas and spatial diversity. Activities along the red thread are traditional such as swings, climbing.
▼总平面图 Site Plan
▼屋顶平面图 Rooftop Plan
▼立面墙绘 Facades
▼南立面图 South Elevation
▼立面和楼梯 Facade and Staircase
建筑师: 哥本哈根JAJA建筑师事务所
客户: CPH城市和港口发展部
项目: 屋顶的绿色立面和活动景观
尺寸: + 2，400平方米(屋顶) + 4，800平方米(立面)，485位的停车位+ 10mc
地点: 丹麦哥本哈根
年份: 2014 – 2016年
类型: 邀请竞赛，1. prize
协作设计团队: Søren Jensen Ingeniør，RAMA Studio，LOA，DGI
合作承包商团队: 5e·byg，Aarstiderne Arkitekter，Ingeniør’ne
提名: 2017年EU Mies van der Rohe奖、2016年Store Arne pris奖、2016年WAN Adaptive Reuse奖、2017年MIPIM最佳建筑改造奖、2018年ArchDaily建筑日报——公共建筑类别
服务: 建筑和景观方面的主要顾问
状态: 已完成
摄影师：Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
Architect: JAJA Architects, Copenhagen (www.ja-ja.dk)
Client: CPH City & Port Development
Program: Green facade and activity landscape on roof
Size: +2,400 m2 (roof) +4,800 m2 (façade), parking for 485 cars + 10 mc
Location: Copenhagen, DK
Year: 2014 – 2016
Type: Invited competition, 1. prize
Collaboration Design Team: Søren Jensen Ingeniør, RAMA Studio, LOA, DGI
Collaboration Contractor Team: 5e byg, Aarstiderne Arkitekter, Ingeniør’ne
Nominations: EU Mies van der Rohe Award 2017, Store Arne pris 2016, WAN Adaptive Reuse Award 2016, Best Refurbished Building MIPIM 2017, ArchDaily Building of the Year 2018 – Public Architecture category
Service: Main consultant on architecture and landscape
Status: Completed
Photographer: Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
更多 Read more about: JAJA Architects
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