英国利兹市“主权广场” / re-form landscape architecture
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re-form：“主权广场”是英国利兹市中心一个世代以来的首个主要公共空间，它是新生商业街区的集散地，是南岸区域更新发展迈出的第一步，该区将在未来20年扩张城市的中心区域。由于当地中心区没有任何主要绿地，其植被覆盖率也只有欧洲城市平均水平的25%， 所以主权广场的建成为城市中心带来了自然的气息。该广场将成为未来城市公园的门户，这有助于利兹市发展成一个更健康、更具吸引力以及生态多样性更强的城市。
re-form: Sovereign Square is the first major public space in Leeds City Centre for a generation. The space, which provides the setting for a new business destination, is the first step to the South Bank regeneration area which will expand the city centre over the next 20 years. The project presented an opportunity to bring nature into a city centre that lacks any major green spaces and has tree cover that is 25% of the European city average. Sovereign Square will become a gateway into a future City Park that will help transform Leeds into a healthier more attractive and ecologically diverse place.
主权广场为人们提供了一个郁郁葱葱的环境，吸引了许多市民前往。宽阔的中央草坪周围种植了50棵新的成熟树木，开花植物种的选择考虑到场地从早春到深秋都有景可观，从而在城市中建立起一个美丽的地方、一个野生动植物急需的栖息地。
广场上35米长的雨水花园管理着场地内一半的地表水，不同种的植物可以抵御从道路上冲刷下来的有毒物质和石油化学物质。雨水花园里的新座椅被放置在植物之间，为人们提供了一个更加私密的环境。
Sovereign Square is a lush environment that attracts many people. 50 new mature trees have been planted around a large central lawn. The mix of plant species selected will ensure there are flowering species for a long period, from early spring to late autumn, thus establishing a place that is beautiful and a much-needed habitat for wildlife in the city.
A 35m long rain garden manages surface water for half of the square, with swathes of different plant species that can withstand the toxins and petro-chemicals that will be washed from the paths and road. The rain garden also provides a more intimate environment for people to go where new seating has been placed within the planting.
座椅是本案设计的一个基本部分，因为在这样的空间中，大多数人会选择在座位上消遣时间。夏天人们可以聚集围坐，冬天可以躲避寒风。在美丽的植物丛中，有些地方可以躺下休息，有些地方可以安静工作，也有的地方可以和孩子玩耍或者等朋友，无论是年轻人还是老年人，身体是健康还是行动不便，这些引发人行为活动的因素促使市民一年到头都会参与到空间中来，他们正以不同的方式在广场上获得体验感。
Seating is a fundamental part of the design, for this is how most people will choose to spend time in a space. There are places for people to sit as a group in the summer, or protected from the wind on a cold day in winter. There are places for groups to lay down and others to work quietly amongst beautiful planting. There are also places to spend time with your children or to wait for a friend – whether you are young or old, able bodied or in a wheelchair. This range of opportunities means that people occupy the space throughout the year, and allows them to experience Sovereign Square in different ways.
坐在皂荚（美国皂荚）树林下是比较受欢迎的，选用这种植物的原因除了其耐寒性和令人惊叹的叶片颜色，还由于它在阳光下能投射出美丽斑驳的剪影。树影在路面上显现出了复杂的纹理，随风而动，成为一幅美丽的动态画卷。re-form景观设计事务所在主权广场的设计中贯彻落实了一系列的空间体验，该广场是一个能吸引人们到此消遣、增强感官体验并与自然接触的地方。
A popular place to sit is beneath the grove of Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). As well as its hardiness and amazing leaf colour, this species was selected for the beautiful dappled shade it provides. It creates a complex texture on the paving that moves with the wind and becomes a source of animation in itself. re-form has enabled a range of experiences throughout Sovereign Square, that are appealing places to spend time, heighten the senses and allow people to engage with nature.
▼座椅细节 Seat details
水是场址和本案不可分割的一部分，古伊特河（水道）曾经从邻近的埃尔河改道穿过此地，为18世纪利兹市内大量的工坊提供动力。广场的设计灵感来自于马尔罕湾的埃尔河源头，由看起来有裂缝的阶梯形基座构成。这是一个以石灰岩路面而闻名的地方，这种铺装的特点是有数千年来被水侵蚀而成的深深的裂缝。主权广场的水从裂缝中涌出，从地下冒出来后顺着小溪流下来。在喷泉的设计上，设计师并不打算将其作为舞动式喷头来精心打造，而是设计成一种更自然、更真实的东西。这是让孩子们欢欣鼓舞的地方，同时也让其他人为之着迷。
Water is an integral part of the site’s heritage and this project. A goit (water channel) once diverted through the site from the adjacent River Aire to power the mills that were abundant in Leeds throughout the 18th Century. The concept for the plaza, which is constructed of a seemingly cracked and stepped plinth of stone, was inspired by the source of the River Aire at Malham Cove. This is a place that is famous for limestone pavement which is characterised by the deep fissures carved out over thousands of years, by water. The water at Sovereign Square emerges from these cracks, bubbling up from beneath the surface and flowing down the rill. The fountains are not intended as a choreographed display of dancing jets, but something that is much more natural and authentic. This has created a place that is exciting for children but also a mesmerising back-drop for others.
小溪从广场流向河流——这是一个重要的助航设备，将与高架桥下的备用连接相连。可以看到人们沿着水渠行走，水被凹凸不平的池底表面搅动，水面即会产生有趣的图案和倒影。孩子们玩着“小木棍”，把脚浸在浅水里，这是一种比在喷泉间跑来跑去更平静、更被动的替代性活动。水流与多样的植栽并置使空间充满活力，通过各种不同的方式来吸引人们。
The rill runs from the plaza towards the river – an important navigational aid which will link with a future connection underneath the viaduct. People can be seen walking alongside the water, which is agitated by an uneven surface, creating interesting patterns and reflections along its length. Children play ‘pooh sticks’ and dip their feet in the shallow water which is a calmer, more passive alternative to running through the fountains. The water and its juxtaposition with dynamic plantings animates the space and engages people in lots of different ways.
公共空间与两座新办公楼一起交付，这将是城市里的市民活动地，由城市当局者进行管理。同样重要的是，主权广场有助于利兹市发展成为“儿童友好型城市”——因为市议会提出要使该城市成为对儿童更具吸引力和更有趣的一个地方。主权广场对利兹市中心的公共生活质量做出了积极贡献，现在人们会选择在这里呆上一段时间，等剩下的地块开发完成后，来到这里的游人数量无疑又会增加。
The public space has been delivered alongside two new office buildings but the brief stated that this would be a place for the people of the city and managed by the city. It was also important that Sovereign Square contributed to Leeds becoming a ‘Child Friendly City’ – the city council’s programme for making Leeds a more inviting and playful place for children. Sovereign Square is making a positive contribution to the quality of public life in Leeds City Centre. People are choosing to spend time here and numbers will undoubtedly increase when the remaining development plots are complete.
▼平面图 Plan
项目名称：主权广场
地点：英国利兹
设计公司：re-form景观设计事务所
设计年份：2012-2014年
完成时间：2016年
面积：4550平方米
预算：250万英镑
街道家具：Hess + Bramhall 1840
树木苗圃：Ebben
咨询顾问：水景专家——Fountain Workshop，艺术家——Mel Chantry
英文文字来源：re-form景观设计事务所
图片来源：Simon Vine
Project name: Sovereign Square
Location: Leeds, United Kingdom
Design firm: re-form landscape architecture
Design year: 2012-2014
Completed: 2016
Area: 4,550m2
Budget: £2.5m
Street furniture: Hess + Bramhall 1840
Tree nursery: Ebben
Consultants: Water feature specialist – Fountain Workshop, Artist – Mel Chantry
Text credit: re-form landscape architecture limited
Image credit: Simon Vine
更多 Read more about：re-form landscape architecture
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