建筑

Powerhouse Brattørkaia by Snøhetta

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世界資源研究所的數據顯示，能源部門和建築行業的溫室氣體排放量佔全球工業廢氣總排放的40%以上。隨著世界人口問題和氣候危機的不斷加重，事務所Snøhetta面臨的挑戰是如何為人們創造出高質且環保的建築空間。作為世界最北端的能源積極型建築，Powerhouse Brattørkaia力圖制定一個未來建築的新標準：讓建築在其使用期限內所生產的能源大於消耗。

The energy sector and building industry accounts for over 40 % of global industry's heat-trapping emissions combined, according to the World Resources Institute. As the world's population and the severity of the climate crisis continue to grow, we are challenged to think how to build responsibly – creating high quality spaces for people while also reducing our environmental footprint. As the world's northernmost energy-positive building, Powerhouse Brattørkaia aims to set a new standard for the construction of the buildings of tomorrow: one that produces more energy than it consumes over its lifespan, including construction and demolition.

▼項目概覽，overview

Powerhouse Brattørkaia位於北緯63度的挪威特隆赫姆。在那裡，陽光的季節差異性十分明顯，是收集和儲備太陽能的絕佳之地。這座18000平方米的辦公大樓坐落在港口邊上，通過大樓尾部的人行天橋與特隆赫姆中央車站相連。濱水立面是該建築最窄的一面，使得它看起來與周圍建築的規模無異。覆蓋著黑色鋁和太陽能板的立面倒映在特隆赫姆峽灣的海面。

▼建築立面倒影在特隆赫姆峽灣海面，the façade is reflected in the adjacent Trondheim Fjord

Thursday, September 5, 2019 — Powerhouse Brattørkaia is located in Trondheim, Norway, 63° north of the Earth's equator, where sunlight varies greatly between the seasons. This presents a unique opportunity to explore how to harvest and store solar energy under challenging conditions. The 18 000 m^2 office building is situated by the harbor and connects to Trondheim Central Station via a pedestrian bridge on the rear end of the building. The waterfront façade is the slimmest face of the building, allowing the project to be read at a similar scale with its neighbors. Clad with black aluminum and solar panels, the façade is reflected in the adjacent Trondheim Fjord.

▼大樓通過尾部的人行天橋與特隆赫姆中央車站相連，building connects to Trondheim Central Station via a pedestrian bridge

▼與天橋相連的大樓尾部，the end of the building connected to the footbridge

“能源積極型建築代表著未來。設計行業的口號應是'形式遵循環境'而非'形式服從功能'。這意味著在當今社會，建築設計首要關注和必須遵循的都應該是如何實現對環境的保護。”Snøhetta的創始人Kjetil Trædal Thorsen說。平均而言， Powerhouse Brattørkaia每天的供電量是其用電量的兩倍多。並且它還將通過當地的微電網為其自身、鄰近建築、電動公交車、汽車和船隻提供可再生能源。

“Energy-positive buildings are the buildings of the future. The mantra of the design industry should not be 'form follows function' but 'form follows environment'. This means that the design thinking of today should focus on environmental considerations and reducing our footprint first, and have the design follow this premise,” says Snøhetta Founder Kjetil Trædal Thorsen. On average, Powerhouse Brattørkaia produces more than twice as much electricity as it consumes daily, and will supply renewable energy to itself, its neighboring buildings, electric buses, cars and boats through a local micro grid.

▼建築節能係統示意圖，schematic diagram of energy saving system of the project

項目的主旨分為三個部分：最大限度地生產清潔能源；最大限度地減少能源消耗；竭盡所能地為租戶和公眾提供一個舒適的空間。項目在選址上也十分用心，一切都以能讓建築獲得最大的光照量為前提。為了盡可能多地獲取太陽能，其傾斜的五邊形屋頂和立面的上部覆蓋了近3000平方英尺的太陽能電池板。在一年多的時間裡，該建築使用清潔和可再生能源的總發電量約為50萬千瓦時。實際上，作為一個位於市中心的小型發電廠，該建築在發電之餘，還利用自身充足的儲能空間將儲存的電能根據季節性的需求來做調配。

▼傾斜的五邊形屋頂和立面的上部覆蓋了近3000平方英尺的太陽能電池板， its skewed, pentagonal roof and the upper part of the façade is clad with almost 3000 m² of solar panels

The aim of the project is threefold; to maximize the amount of clean energy produced by the building, to minimize the energy required to run it, and to serve as a pleasant space for its tenants and the general public. The building's site has been carefully chosen to ensure maximum exposure to the sun throughout the day and seasons. Its skewed, pentagonal roof and the upper part of the façade is clad with almost 3000 m² of solar panels, strategically placed to harvest as much solar energy as possible. Over a year , this amounts to a total of about 500000 kWh with clean, renewable energy. In effect, the building dually functions as a small power plant in the middle of the city. Ample space for energy storage is built into the building footprint, allowing it to store surplus energy in the summer months of near total daylight, to then use it in the winter months when daylight is at a minimum.

▼俯瞰天井，overlooking the patio

該建築具有極高的能源利用率，可通過一系列技術從根本上減少日常運營中的能源消耗。例如使建築達到最高效率的隔熱；安裝智能氣流系統以減少加熱的需要；空氣和灰水（除廁所外的所有來源的廢水）的熱回收；通過海水的加熱和冷卻來調節室溫以及只使用節能電器等等。在整個建築設計中，日光條件得到了充分優化，人工照明的使用也維持在最低限度。

The building is extremely energy efficient, leveraging a series of technologies to radically reduce energy use for its daily operations. This is accomplished through insulating the building for maximum efficiency, installing intelligent solutions for air flow to reduce the need for heating, heat recovery solutions for ventilating air and greywater (wastewater from all sources except toilets), using seawater for heating and cooling and implementing only energy efficient electrical appliances. Daylight conditions are optimized throughout the building design and artificial light use is kept at a minimum.

▼建築天井細部，details of the sloping roof

為了人類能在這個星球上繼續繁衍生息，我們的居所需要建立在對自然的保護、能源的有效利用以及居住舒適度的考慮之上。作為世界上最北端的能源積極型建築，Powerhouse Brattørkaia正在樹立一種肩負使命地來建造人類未來居所的形象。

For humans to continue to live and thrive on this planet, and in the buildings we inhabit and spend most of our lives in, these need to be built with as much consideration for natural preservation and energy efficiency as for the comfort of the people inside them . As the world's northernmost energy-positive building, Powerhouse Brattørkaia is setting an example for responsibly constructing our homes and office spaces for the future.

▼傾斜的天井使大樓的每一層都能沐浴到陽光，this skewed lightwell allows daylight to enter the building on every floor

從港口的正面望去，建築立面向內傾斜，給人一種活力四射的感覺。當從相反的方向望去，可以看到建築斜面的中心有一個巨型天井，它能夠為辦公區域提供充足的陽光，同時也為大樓內部的工作人員提供了一個可以欣賞城市風光的絕佳視野。中庭區域控制了建築內所需人造光的數量，巨大的玻璃窗和充滿陽光的開放空間營造了舒適怡人的工作環境。

Viewed from the harbor front, the building façade's sides cants inwards, bringing associations to how the building is bursting with energy. From the opposite approach, the sloping roof of the building reveals a cutout in the center of its plan that allows daylight to flow into the office spaces. Within this illuminated core is an atrium that functions as a public garden with horizontal glass windows on the sides, providing skylight into the below canteen. This skewed lightwell allows daylight to enter the building on every floor, and gives the people working inside a great view of the city. The atrium also limits the amount of artificial light needed inside the building. Large glass windows and pleasant open spaces flooded with daylight contribute a comfortable and inviting work environment.

▼從港口相反方向看去的城市美景，the sloping roof of the building gives the people working inside a great view of the city

為了減少照明設備的能源消耗，建築使用了一種叫做“液體光”的新概念光源。這種光源的明暗強弱可以根據大樓內的實際情況和活動需要來自由調節。有了傾斜天井和新概念光源， Powerhouse Brattørkaia消耗在照明上的能源還不足同等建造規模的商業大樓的一半。

In order to reduce energy use on lighting, the building employs a concept called “liquid light”, which allows the artificial light to smoothly dim up and down according to the activity and movement in the building. Taken together, these strategies allow Powerhouse Brattørkaia to consume only about half the amount of energy for lighting than a typical commercial office building of comparable size would.

▼辦公室節能照明系統， the office lighting system

▼“液體光”，the “liquid light”

大樓為包括建築和航運公司在內的多種商業租戶提供辦公空間，同時還支持了一項重要的政府項目。一樓的咖啡館和遊客中心作為學生團體和普通市民的公共教育資源，面向全部市民開放。遊客中心詳細闡釋了大樓的節能概念，為公眾對未來可持續發展策略的認識和探討提供了信息支持。

The building provides office spaces for a diversity of commercial tenants, including construction and shipping firms, while also housing a significant public program. A café and a visitor center at the ground floor are open to the people of Trondheim as an educational resource for school groups and the general public alike. The visitor center explicates the energy concept of the Powerhouse and supports public knowledge and discourse on sustainable building strategies for the future.

▼建築一樓的遊客中心， a visitor center at the ground floor

▼辦公空間，the office spaces

▼辦公區域的通風裝置細部，details of the ventilation system

Powerhouse優先考慮居住者的舒適感和健康狀況，然後採取相應策略，在獲取新鮮空氣和舒適溫度的同時，平衡大樓對節能效率的極致要求。通風系統為室內提供清新宜人的空氣，並能很好地適應特隆赫姆溫和潮濕的氣候。辦公區域安裝了一個調節通風的空氣供應裝置，空氣在樓層間以低速流通，而換氣工作集中在樓梯豎井處進行。此外，建築的結構體係由熱質低排的混凝土組成，它們通過天花板上排布的開口暴露出來。這種材料可以在不用電的情況下幫助調節建築的溫度。

The Powerhouse prioritizes the physical comfort and well-being of the building's occupants with strategies that balance its focus on fresh air and thermal comfort with extreme energy-efficiency. The ventilation system provides pleasant and clean air to the indoor spaces and accommodates Trondheim's mild and humid climate. The office landscape contains technical installations for air supply that regulate ventilation. The air is let out close to the floor at low speed, while the extraction takes place centrally by suppression in the stair shafts. Further, the building's structural system consists of thermal mass – low-emission concrete – which is exposed through strategic cutouts in the ceiling. The mass absorbs and retains heat and cold and helps regulate the temperature in the building without using electricity.

▼換氣工作集中在樓梯豎井處進行， the extraction takes place centrally by suppression in the stair shafts

Powerhouse Brattørkaia在節能領域所做的努力，得到了BREEAM授予的“傑出”證書認可。這是在目前世界領先的、對資產環境、社會和經濟可持續發展性能的評估體系中，所能給出的最高評價。 UNFCCC Paris Agreement致力於將全球氣溫的上升控制在1.5攝氏度以內，而Powerhouse Brattørkaia的節能方法也許能為這一目標的實現提供些許幫助。

For its efforts, Powerhouse Brattørkaia has received the BREEAM Outstanding certification, the highest possible ranking by the world's leading sustainability assessment method for an asset's environmental, social and economic sustainability performance. Its solutions support the UNFCCC Paris Agreement that pursues efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

▼建築細部，details of the building