加拿大历史博物馆广场改造 / Claude Cormier + associes
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Claude Cormier + associes：加拿大文明博物館，現稱加拿大歷史博物館，由國際公認的加拿大建築師道格拉斯·卡迪納設計，於1989年開放。因其豐富的象徵主義、動人的曲線以及精心的設計，使它成為了加拿大參觀人數最多的博物館。卡迪納是一位受景觀啟發的建築師，在他對博物館的設計聲明中寫道，這座建築將“講述陸地的形成過程，其形態由風、河流和冰川塑造而成。”冰川融化後退形成的平原呈現在博物館前的廣場上。如今，該場地在博物館行政管理委員會道格拉斯·卡迪納(Douglas Cardinal)以及國家資本委員會(National Capital Commission)的批准下，重建為一個真正可持續的廣場，並以大平原：城市草原為基礎展開了新的敘述。
Claude Cormier + associes：The Canadian Museum of Civilization, now Canadian Museum of History, was designed by the internationally-recognized Canadian architect Douglas Cardinal and opened in 1989. Rich in symbolism, eloquent curves, and nurturing design, it is the most visited museum in Canada. Cardinal is a landscape-inspired architect. In his Design Statement for the museum, he writes that the building would “speak of the emergence of his continent, its forms sculpted by the winds, rivers, and glaciers.” The Great Plains that resulted from retreating glaciers are represented in the Plaza at the front of the Museum. With the approval of Douglas Cardinal, the Museum's administrative board, and ultimately the National Capital Commission, the site was reconstructed as a truly sustainable Plaza with a renewed narrative based on the Great Plains : The Urban Prairie.
▼更新前 Before
▼更新後 After
組成加拿大歷史博物館的兩座建築旨在體現加拿大景觀的標誌性特徵——冰川和加拿大地盾（一種地質），廣場則像徵著大平原。曾經貧瘠的硬質景觀廣場連接著這兩座標誌性建築，成功的成為了一個地標性設計，其位置和規模旨在優化河對岸兩座博物館和議會大樓的景觀，然而，由於缺乏行人的舒適感，廣場使用者寥寥無幾。博物館希望找到合適的景觀解決方案，我們認為這是一個機會，可以通過引用國家景觀的另一個特徵：草原，來擴展建築的概念隱喻。
The two buildings that comprise the Canadian Museum of History were designed to embody signature features of the Canadian landscape – the Museum building a reference to glaciers, the Curatorial wing to the Canadian Shield and the Plaza to the Great Plains. The formerly barren hardscape Plaza that connected these two iconic buildings made for successful postcards, with its position and scale designed to optimize the view of the two museum buildings and the Parliament Buildings across the river. However, lack of pedestrian comfort kept the Plaza empty. The Museum sought a landscape solution , which we considered as an opportunity to expand upon the conceptual metaphor of the buildings by creating a reference to another signature feature of the national landscape; the Prairie.
▼場地位置 Location Map
為了使草原特徵適應城市景觀，城市草原由五個嵌入到修復後的硬質鋪裝路面的土方工程組成。根據等高線為路徑的循環設定起伏模式，由於現有的屋頂結構下面是停車場，所以重量分佈是一個主要考慮因素。通過使用輕質的土壤介質減輕了起伏地形的負荷，土堆高度也由聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料面板構成，並將樹下的點荷載放置在下面的結構的現有柱上。廣場的此次更新沒有影響原有的景觀，例如由博物館兩翼構成的渥太華河國會大廈和平塔的著名景觀，並增強了四季的視覺趣味。
Adapting the prairie phenomenon to the city, the Urban Prairie consists of five earthwork insertions that are embedded into a restored hard-paved surface. The contour lines set the undulating pattern for the circulation of pathways. Situated on the existing roof structure of a parking garage below, weight distribution was a major consideration. The load of the undulating landforms was reduced through a lightweight soil medium, and mound heights were built up with panels of Styrofoam. Point loads under trees were deliberately positioned over existing columns of the structure below. The renewal of the plaza has been designed without compromising pre-existing views such as the famous view framed by the two wings of the museum to the Peace Tower of the Parliament buildings across the Ottawa River and enhances visual interest across all seasons.
▼概念線稿 Concept Lines
▼地形示意 Topo with Legend
在對場地進行改造之前，廣場一直暴露在夏季酷熱的陽光和冬季寒冷的季風之中，除了會讓行人感到不舒服之外，缺乏對極端天氣的抵御也會增加附近主題花園內植物的生存壓力。同時，缺乏重要的功能和便利設施是廣場參與度不高的另一個原因。城市草原的加入為廣場創造了區域小氣候，增加了城市生物多樣性，減少了熱島效應，有助於當地空氣質量的改善，使廣場向更人性化的方向轉變。
Formerly, the Plaza was exposed to extremes of summer sun and heat, and winter wind and cold. In addition to pedestrian discomfort, lack of protection against climatic extremes increased stress levels in the plants of the adjacent thematic gardens. The absence of significant features and amenities was another shortcoming that kept the Plaza bereft of visitors. The Urban Prairie grassland insertion creates microclimates, increases urban biodiversity, reduces heat island effect, contributes to air quality improvement, alters the scale of the Plaza towards one that is more human.
▼彩色平面圖 Coloured Plan
▼效果圖 Rendering
▼效果呈現 Rendering After
為了響應微氣候理念，我們通過塑造地形來整合博物館建築周圍的地理特徵，以調節改善微氣候，六種不同的原生草沿著土丘的輪廓水平向種植，創造出綠色、黃色和紅色的動態條紋圖案，這些圖案的顏色和紋理會隨著季節的變化而變化。分佈在草叢中的原生草甸野花展現出多種多樣的色彩點——白頭翁花在春天初次登場；夏秋兩季開放的有紅百合、天人菊、淡藍紫菀、野佛手柑和草原鼠尾草，一些點綴的唐棣和松樹在垂直面上與地形和建築的水平面形成了對比。
In response, the microclimate was modulated through landforms shaped to integrate the geofluvial character of the museum buildings, with six distinct native prairie grasses planted in horizontal bands along the contours of the mound topography to create dynamic striated motifs of green, yellow, and red that change in hue and texture across the seasons. Points of colour emerge from the native prairie wildflowers distributed among the grasses – Pasque Flower debut in spring; Western Red Lily, Blanketflower, Smooth Blue Aster, Wild Bergamot, and Prairie Sage throughout the summer and fall . A few Serviceberry and Pine give vertical contrast to the horizontal emphasis of the landforms and buildings.
加拿大大草原的歷史是一個關於秩序、勇氣和想像力的故事。城市草原旨在展現這些文明力量所展現的地形，將這個重要而具有像徵意義的入口作為公眾體驗博物館的其中一個綜合部分。
The history of the Canadian Prairies is a story about order, courage, and imagination. Urban Prairie aims to manifest the terrain onto which these forces of civilization unfolded, establishing this important and symbolic threshold as a comprehensive part of the public’s museum experience.
項目名稱：加拿大歷史博物館廣場
設計年份和竣工年份：2005-2010年
景觀設計：Claude Cormier et associes
建築：Aedifica Architecture + Design
燈光設計：Eclairage Public/Ombrages
項目地點：加拿大魁北克Gatineau
景觀面積：2900平方米
客戶：加拿大歷史博物館集團
Project Name: Canadian Museum of History Plaza
Design year and completion year: 2005-2010
Landscape Architecture: Claude Cormier et associés
Architecture: Aedifica Architecture + Design
Lighting design: Éclairage Public/Ombrages
Project location: Gatineau (Quebec), Canada
Landscape Area: 2 900 m2
Clients: Canadian Museum of History Corporation
更多 Read more about: Claude Cormier + associés
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