卢旺达板球体育场 / Light Earth Designs

Light Earth Designs：該項目是Light Earth Designs為盧旺達板球體育場基金會進行的為期5年的工作的一部分，該項目是研究盧旺達如何通過使用當地勞動密集型建築技術，從農業經濟過渡到發展，從而避免進口，降低碳排放，以及建立技能和經濟。板球體育場的主要圍護結構是拱頂，通過在各層使用土工格柵加固，並承載地面上雙彎曲拱頂的彈力點，使古老的地中海地磚拱頂(使用壓縮土水泥瓦)適應中等地震環境。

Light Earth Designs：The project is part of work undertaken by Light Earth Designs for the Rwanda Cricket Stadium Foundation over a 5-year period on how Rwanda can transition from an agriculture-based economy to development using local home grown labour intensive construction techniques, thereby avoiding imports, lowering carbon, and building skills and economies. The primary enclosure of the cricket stadium, the vaults, adapts ancient Mediterranean tile-vaulting (using compressed soil-cement tiles) to a moderate seismic context by using geogrid reinforcing in the layers and bearing the springing points of the doubly curved vaults on the ground.

拱頂遵循著向地面的力量的自然分解，很好地模擬了彈跳球的拋物線幾何形狀，並呼應了盧旺達特有的丘陵地形。磚石拱頂完全受壓，允許使用簡單層狀薄殼複合低強度瓷磚。這些瓷磚是由當地常見的技術熟練工人在現場用當地土壤生產的——用水泥液壓壓制，不需要燒製。它們被層層鋪設在一個臨時的木材骨架上——同樣使用了低技能和高技能的當地勞動力，跨度可達16米。英國劍橋大學建築與工程專業的研究人員開發了土工格柵以提供一些抗震保護。外殼防水，頂部覆蓋著局部破碎的花崗岩(遍布全國各地)，融入自然，同時增加了花崗岩的重量和穩定性。

The vaults follow the natural resolution of forces toward the ground, closely mimicking the parabolic geometry of a bouncing ball and evoking the cherished hilly topography of Rwanda. The masonry vaults are completely in compression allowing the use of a simply layered thin shell composite of low strength tiles. The tiles are produced on site from local soil by low skilled and skilled locals – hydraulically pressed with a small addition of cement and do not require firing. They are laid in layers onto a temporary timber skeleton – again using a combination of low and higher skilled local labour and span up to 16m. Geogrid is added to give some seismic protection, developed by research in architecture and engineering at Cambridge University. The shells are waterproofed then topped with local broken granite (found everywhere across the country), blending into the natural palate while the granite adds weight and stability.

Photo Credit: Paul Broadie for Yorkshire Tea

簡單,高效的薄混凝土表面插入到地下,提供了更封閉的功能服務空間,更衣室,一個辦公室和一個餐廳。這些表面都超過自然盧旺達天然農業廢棄物燒製的。開放的夾層,酒吧和俱樂部,享受美妙的清晰全景和濕地山谷。磚塊用於定義邊緣和空間-以穿孔粘合方式鋪設，允許微風和光線過濾。這些磚是來自企業瑞士非政府組織SKAT Consulting建立的企業,也是使用高效窯爐的低碳農業廢料磚,進一步減少了能源和碳排放。盧旺達花崗岩地板和檯面的廢石用於地板。用來壓製瓷磚的膠合板矩形被重新用作檯面,同時拱頂guidework木材和膠合板被製成細木工和門,確保最大限度的廢料進入初級生產。局部石板被配置成允許雨水滲透和滲入土壤。擋土牆是當地的花崗岩巨石或空心，以鼓勵種植。

Simple, efficient and thin concrete tables are inserted into the vaults, providing space for the more enclosed functions the service areas, the changing rooms, an office and a restaurant. These tables are topped with natural Rwandan agro-waste-fired tiles made of commonly found wetland clay. The open mezzanines – a bar and a clubhouse – enjoy wonderful raised clear panoramic views over the Oval and wetland valley beyond. Bricks are used to define edges and spaces – often laid in perforate bond – allowing the breeze and light to filter through. These bricks are sourced from enterprises set up by Swiss NGO SKAT Consulting, and are also low carbon agro-waste-fired bricks using high efficiency kilns, further reducing energy and carbon. Waste stone from Rwandan granite floor and worktops are used for flooring . The plywood rectangles used to press the tiles are reused as countertops while timber and plywood from the vault guidework is made into joinery and doors, ensuring that a maxi mum of waste material goes into primary production. Local slate is configured to allow rain water to permeate and infiltrate the soil. Retaining walls are either local granite boulders or are hollow to encourage planting.

Photo Credit: Jonathan Gregson for Yorkshire Tea

這座建築生長在平整場地時形成的切割土壤庫中，因此成為景觀的一部分。創造了一個奇妙的自然圓形劇場，可以看到遠處的球場和濕地山谷。

The building grows out of the cut soil banking that was formed as the pitch was levelled – thus becoming part of the landscape. The banking creates a wonderful natural amphitheatre with great views to the pitch and wetland valley beyond.

雖然建築的語言通過極高的結構效率來描述進步和活力，但是材料卻是自然的，手工的和親和的。這是盧旺達人用盧旺達材料建造的建築。這些不完美的地方是值得高興的——它們是人類的，也是美麗的——當與自然紋理的層次感相結合時，建築會變得充滿活力，彷彿在慶祝這個美妙的地方——一個我們工作和生活了5年以上的地方。

Whilst the language of the building speaks about progression and dynamism through extreme structural efficiency, the materials speak of the natural, the hand made and the human. It a building made by Rwandans using Rwandan materials. The imperfections are celebrated – they are human and beautiful – and when combined with the layering of natural textures the building becomes imbuesand celebrates this wonderful place – a place where we have worked and lived for over 5 years.