克罗地亚考古公园 Principia Archaeological Park / Nenad Fabijanić
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Nenad Fabijanić：2014年2月，里耶卡普林西比考古公园的开放丰富了亚得里亚海东岸古代遗址的地形，增加了一个具有纪念意义的地点，在展示类型和塑造水平上是独一无二的。这个公园是castrum的建筑和城镇规划元素，castrum是罗马的军事营地或城镇，是散布在罗马帝国边界的众多城镇之一。
Nenad Fabijanić：The opening of the Principia Archaeological Park in Rijeka, in February 2014, enriched the topography of ancient sites on the Adriatic’s eastern shore, adding a monumental locus, unique in the type and the shaping level of presentation. As for the type, the Principia was an architectural and town-planning element of castrum, a Roman military encampment or town, one of the many scattered along the boundaries of the Roman Empire (limites).
在达尔马提亚，只有不超过两个castra的片段，即Burnum和Tilirum被保存了下来，而不是像Tarsatica那样的完整的复合体。至于展示的塑造水平，这种干预是公众竞争和创造性概念的结果，这种概念经过了精心的阐述，并以一种可控的方式加以实施。普林西比军事总部是castrum的行政和宗教中心，也是唯一的公共空间。它位于空间的中心，在主要交通路线的交叉点上，较宽的是via principalis (cardo maximus)，而较窄的是via praetoria。从类型上来说，它源自民用建筑，代表了一个城镇广场。部分是一个没有遮盖的矩形内庭院，四周有门廊，在后面散布着具有实用功能的设施。在Tarsatica建立普林西比的历史可以追溯到Gallienus皇帝(253 -268)统治时期，Tarsatica作为意大利国防战略要地而变得重要。在4世纪末或5世纪初，普林西比被摧毁和废弃，没有被重新用于其他用途。
In Dalmatia, only fragments of no more than two castra, those of Burnum and Tilirum, have been preserved, not the entire complex as is the case with Tarsatica. As for the shaping level of presentation, the intervention is a result of a public competition and a creative authorial concept, which was meticulously elaborated, and implemented in a controlled fashion. The Principia, the military headquarters, was the administrative and the religious centre of the castrum and its only public space. It is accentuated by being located in the very spatial center, at the intersection of major communication routes: the wider, the via principalis (cardo maximus), and the narrower, the via praetoria. Typologically, it derived from the civil architecture of the forum, and represents a version of a town square, part was an uncovered, rectangular inner courtyard surrounded with porticos, behind which spread the facilities with a utilitarian function. Building of the Principia at Tarsatica dates from the reign of the Emperor Gallienus (253.-268.), when Tarsatica gained importance as a strategic point in the defense of Italy. In the late 4th or early 5th century, the Principia was destroyed and abandoned, and was not repurposed for another usage.
©MIRO MARTINIĆ
2008年，为普林西比的建筑展示和组织举办了一次公开竞赛。Nenad Fabijanić获得了一等奖的概念设计。该项目于2013年开始实施，并于2014年初完成。从考古发掘到考古公园的竣工，该项目的总成本超过1500万荷兰盾。
In 2008, a public competition was held for the architectural presentation and organization of the Principia. Nenad Fabijanić was awarded the first prize for his conceptual design. The implementation of the project started in 2013. and was completed in the early 2014. The total cost of the project, from the archeological excavations to the completion of the archeological park, accounted to more than HRK 15 million.
设计师的目标是修复最古老的城市层和罗马建筑结构。无论在遗址上发现什么，都不会比古代更重要更具价值。这个概念主要是基于这样一个想法：通过加强考古区域的边缘，通过某种框架来突出考古区域，以便在现有结构的中间将其呈现为一个同质的整体，或者新的个体。它建立在开放和塑造入口道路的基础上，这意味着从东方穿过旧的大门，建立另一个入口，沿着西边通往圣法比安教堂和圣塞巴斯蒂安教堂，这两个入口必须攀登上去，体现普林西比的两个主要层面。在考古区，铺满了巨大的、较大规格的石板，避免使用石头和重复的格子。
Our goal is the restoration of the oldest urban layer, and the Roman architectural structures. Whatever is found on the site, cannot be more important and more valuable than antiquity. The concept is based primarily on the idea of highlighting the archeological area by strengthening its margins, by some kind of framing in order to present it, in the middle of the existing fabric, as a homogeneous whole, or-new individuality. It is based on the striving towards the opening and the shaping of the access way, which means establishing the original straight entrance from the east throught the monumental Old Gate, and another entrance, along the western rim to the Church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian, which must climb the ascent, embodied by two main levels of the Principia. In the archeological zone, which is paved with massive, larger format stone slabs, he refrains from using stone, from repeating the grid.
©MIRO MARTINIĆ
通道和楼梯衬有明亮、细粒的骨料混凝土包括其他人行道的表面。材料的选择和使用取决于场地，结构和纹理取决于设计目的。所有的材料、石头、砖、水磨石、马赛克、灰泥和所有颜色都被加入了设计之中，而原始的碎片可以被放大。原则上，新的和旧的是分开的，突出了材料之间的对比以及旧建筑的处理（主要是坚固耐用的）, 以及薄的新的建筑（主要是金属和玻璃），以确保清晰和优雅。从上往下看，从Pod voltun可以看到考古公园，小栅栏延伸到一个小空地上，可以看到广场被恢复的表面、受保护的结构和形状以及所有保留下来的普林西比。通过一个宽阔的坡道，也就是通向贝尔维迪尔露台的楼梯，能够带来不同的体验，悬挑在圣法比安教堂和圣塞巴斯蒂安教堂附近的一条小巷。台阶被一个细长的、密密麻麻的、高高的白色托梁栅栏与附近地区隔开，这让人们可以看到普林西比周边墙壁的纹理。
Access ways and stairs are lined with bright, finegrained exposed aggregate concrete, other pedestrian surface. The selection and use of materials are determined by the site, the structure and texture by the purpose. All the materials, stone, brick, terrazzo, mosaic, plaster, and all colors are brought into dialogue while the original fragments are allowed to be loudest. In principle, the new is separated from the old, highlighting the contrasts between materials, and their processing, mainly solid and robust, of old structures, and between the thin, the thinned new, mainly metal and glass, which ensure clarity and elegance. The archeological park can best be seen from above, from Pod voltun Street, with small fence extending into a small esplanade, offering a view of the restituted surface of the square, of the conserved structures and shapes, of all that remained of the Principia. A different experience is provided by a gradual ascent through a wide ramp, a staircase, so to speak, that leads to a belvedere terrace, cantilevered drawn in the extension of the once blind alley along the Church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian, on the very perimeter of the site. This ascent is separated from the neighbourhood by a fence of slender, densely packed, high white joists, which allows a view of the texture of the Perimeter wall of the Principia.
普林西比是一个具有价值的新鲜事物，它是里耶卡城市形象中的重要场所。这个概念主要是基于加强考古区域边缘的想法，通过某种框架将它呈现在现有结构中，作为一个同质的整体，或者新的个体。
The Principia is a novelty that has already proven itself as a value and a locus in the urban image of Rijeka. The concept is based primarily on the idea of highlighting the archaeological area by strengthening its margins, by some kind of framing in order to present it, in the middle of the existing fabric, as a homogenous whole, or – new individuality.
©MIRO MARTINIĆ
地点: 克罗地亚里耶卡
设计者: NENAD FABIJANIĆ
合作者: ŽELJKO PAVLOVIĆ; DAVOR PAVLOVIĆ; VESNA ŠOIĆ; BRUNO KRUNIĆ
竞赛阶段: 2008年10月至12月
施工开始: 2013年3月至4月
施工结束: 2014年2月
面积: 1500平方米
照片: MIRO MARTINIĆ
Location: RIJEKA, CROATIA
Author: NENAD FABIJANIĆ
Collaborators: ŽELJKO PAVLOVIĆ; DAVOR PAVLOVIĆ; VESNA ŠOIĆ; BRUNO KRUNIĆ
Competition: October – December, 2008.
Beginning of construction: March – April, 2013
End of construction: February, 2014
Area: 1500 m2
Photographs by: MIRO MARTINIĆ
更多 Read more about: Croatian University – Faculty of Architecture
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