曼谷Patumwananurak公园第二部分 Patumwananurak Park Part 2 / RAFA Design

RAFA Design: 人与自然的关系是密不可分的，二者无论是在直接还是间接关系上都是相互依赖的。人口的增长不可避免地会导致城市的扩张，而使得人们与自然的距离越来越远。由此，人与自然之间的亲密关系和相互的感知会逐渐减弱并消失。Patumwananurak公园的设计旨在缩短人与自然之间的差距，希望为下一代发展起有关生态环境的规范标准。

RAFA Design: Human and nature relationships are indivisible, relying on each other, both directly and indirectly. The growth of population, inevitably, results in more extended urban areas, thereby making people remote from nature. Therefore, such intimate relationships and perceptions are gradually vanished. Patumwananurak Park is thoughtfully designed to fulfill the mentioned gap with expectation to growth environmental ethics for the next generations.

▼场地鸟瞰  Site Aerial 

这个中心城区属于泰国国王普密蓬（Rama 9）的王室资产管理局，是为庆祝国王80岁生日开发设计的，它旨在发展成为一片绿地，为国王和国家子民造福。这个片区成为了一个完美的休闲公园，为缓解城市污染而更新休憩地，也为周边地区修建了人造水库。

This centric-urban business area, belonging to The Crown Property Bureau of H.M. King Bhumibol (Rama 9), Kingdom of Thailand, is developed during the celebration of the King’s 80 th birthday. It is intended to be the greenery area, devoted to the King and his people. The area perfectly serves as a recreation park; rejuvenate area for alleviating urban pollutions, and man-made reservoirs for surrounding areas.

国王与环境 The King and the Environment：

普密蓬国王非常聪明，他的知识领域非常深入和广泛，尤其是在与环境保护和对问题的解决、对污水、土壤处理、有毒气体、森林恢复和与人类发展相关理论的综合问题上。这些可持续理论以简单和平衡为基础，教导人们与自然共存，相互依赖。Patumwananurak公园主要的设计原则遵循了国王最初的目的，巧妙地将这些想法转化为景观艺术设计，希望能增进人与自然之间更直接的联系，提醒人们增强对环境保护的关注。

H.M. King Rama 9 was incredibly intelligent with in-depth and a wide range of knowledge fields, especially the synthesis of critical theories, relating to environmental conservations and problem’s solutions, Sewage, Soil treatment, Toxic air, Forest rehabilitation and Human development. These problem-solving sustainable theories, based on simplicity and equilibrium, teach people to live with nature and to be mutually dependent. The main design principles of the Patumwananurak Park, following H.M. the King’s initial purposes, are ingeniously translated into landscape-art designs with prospect of enhancing more direct relationships between people and nature and increasing environmental conservation concerns.

水和污水 Water and Sewage：

“经研究发现，污水和垃圾问题处理起来并不困难，泰国已经完成并实施了一些技术。水的处理必须包括对农业地区的循环利用、净化和灌溉，然后再引导流入海洋，这样便不会造成污染。” （2010年9月13日，王室关于水和垃圾问题的讲话）

‘Sewage and garbage problems are already studied and they are not difficult to deal with. Some technologies are already accomplished and conducted in Thailand. Water treatment must involve recycling, purifying and irrigating to agricultural areas, before flowing it to the ocean, without pollution.’  (H.M.’s royal remarks on water and garbage problems, 13 September 2010)

国王研究和发展了许多利用本地水生植物进行废水再处理的理论课题。项目毗邻一条公共运河，因此设计团队决定采用Petchaburi省所推荐的理论：“Leam Phak Bia环境研究，王室提倡的研发项目”，对场地内的自然废水处理区域进行展示性研究。流入公共运河的废水质量得到了极大的改善，根据测量标准，最后一个池塘中处理后的水的清洁度非常适合水生生物的生长。随后处理后的水会被引回运河，稀释废水，增加自然水资源中的含氧量。

Many theories of waste water retreatment using aqua-locally plant species are studied and developed by H.M. the King. Adjacent to the project is a public canal, therefore the designer team decided to apply those theories recommended by ‘The Leam Phak Bia Environmental Study, Research and Development Project under Royal Initiatives’, Petchaburi province, carrying out a showcase study of natural waste water treatment area within the project. The quality of waste water, flowing to the public canal, is obviously and tremendously improved. According to the measurement standard, the cleanliness of treated water in the last pond is pleasingly suitable for aqua living organs. It is then released back to the canal to dilute waste water and increase the amount of oxygen in natural water resources.

▼沉水植物氧化池  Submerged Plant Oxidation Pond

尽管经过处理的水域面积还不足以恢复整个运河的水质，但设计团队希望它至少能够激发人们对节约用水的关注和思考，并更切实地实现国王所倡导的理论所蕴含着的潜力。

Although, the size of treated water area is not large enough to recovering the quality of water of the whole canal, the designer team hopes that it will, at least, spark an inspiration among people about the benefits of water conservation and realize the potential of H.M the King’s theories more tangibly.

空气中的有毒气体 Air-Toxic gases：

燃料燃烧，例如木炭、煤、石油等燃料，每年会向地球大气排放多达50亿吨的碳气体，同时森林每年燃烧15亿吨，总量达65亿吨，这几乎占空气中现有碳气体的10 %。如果不采取任何措施来减少碳排放量，就会产生温室效应，使地球温度升高。解决办法是尽量减少燃料的燃烧，最大限度地植树造林。” （1989年12月4日，王室关于空气污染问题的讲话）

‘Fuel combustion, for example, charcoal, coal, oil and other kinds of fuels, emits carbon gas into the earth’s atmosphere as much as 5 billion ton per year, together with forest burning 1.5 billion ton per year, totaling 6.5 Billion ton, annually. This is almost 10 percent of existing carbon gas in the air. If nothing is done to reduce the amount of carbon emission, Greenhouse effect occurs and increases the Earth’s temperature. The solutions are to minimize the burning of fuel and maximize afforestation.’   (H.M.’s royal remarks on air pollution problems, 4 December 1989)

随着城市化的发展，人们对汽车的依赖和空调的使用量不断增加，有毒物质和气体的排放不可避免。国王研究了关于空气污染的问题，通过增加树木和绿地量来形成自然过程的解决方案，尽管他也承认上述措施只能缓解问题，并没有解决问题的根本所在。成功的关键是最大限度地减少燃料燃烧和其他有毒气体的排放活动，同时尽量加强绿地的建设和植树造林的力度。

As a result of the growth of urbanization, the increasing amount of vehicles’ dependence and air conditioning usage, the greater emission of toxic substances and gases is inevitable. H.M. the King had studied those air pollution problems and introduced the natural-process solutions by increasing the number of trees and green spaces, although he also admitted that the above measure can only alleviate the problems, not completely solve it. The key to success is to minimizing burning of fuels and other activities that emit toxic gas, while simultaneously maximizing the building of green spaces and afforestation.

上述原则似乎很容易实现，然而大多数人仍然没有意识到甚至是忽视空气污染问题，因为被污染的空气和有毒气体是肉眼看不清楚的。这个区域的设计理念旨在提高人们对这些问题的认识，让人们更直观地了解到空气污染的严重程度。

It seems that the above mentioned principles are easy to accomplish. However, most people still do not realize or even ignore air pollution problems. This is because polluted air and toxic gases are not clearly visible. The design concept of this area aims to enhance peoples’ awareness of the problems so that the magnitude of air pollution can be seen in a more tangible way.

2000年曼谷都市绿地与城市用地的对比研究表明，这两者之间存在着巨大的差距。存在问题的区域如道路、建筑和居住区等，比有助于减少空气污染的区域如森林和绿地的范围更大。因此，户外圆形剧场主要部分的设计理念是通过比较混凝土纹理（代表着城市化与空气污染问题）和相邻灌木之间的比例来引入的，这些灌木则代表了散布在大都市周围的绿色区域，希望用户能切实注意到空气污染问题。

The study of Bangkok Metropolis’ green areas compared with urban areas (2000 AD.) shows a huge gap between both studied areas. The problematic areas, such as roads, buildings and residential areas and others constitute a larger span than areas that can help reduce air pollution such as forests and green spaces. Therefore, the design concept of the main part of the outdoor amphitheater is introduced by comparing the ratio between the concrete textures, representing urbanization with air pollution problems, and the adjacent shrubs, representing the green areas scattering around the metropolis, with the expectations that users may notice the air pollution problems more tangibly.

故乡  Father-Land：

从主要的娱乐广场延伸出来的一个区域叫做“兰丁”，用于开展户外活动。场地的主要特征是“土墙”，垂直压缩不同颜色的土层，在不同的环境和气候下使其具有一定强度和耐用性。墙体的设计理念源自于土壤剖切或土壤层位的方法，国王在研究全国土壤问题时使用过这种方法。这一部分的种植设计和植物选择也遵循了国王的倡议，研究对土壤修复有作用的植物。

An extended area from the main recreation plaza, called ‘Lan Din’, is intended for rotating outdoor activities. The dominant features here are the ‘Earthen walls’, compressed vertically earth’s layers in different colors, giving strength and durability amidst different circumstances and climates. The design concept of the walls is inspired from the method of soil profile or soil horizon, used by H.M the King in studying soil’s problems across the country. Planting design and selection in this part also follows the king’s initiatives of which studying the essential plants for soil rehabilitation. 

这一地区也代表着对普密蓬国王名字意义的记忆 —“土地的力量”— 他有强劲的力量来确保国家的独立和繁荣，并被比作是一种克制的力量，这给泰国人民带来了同情、友谊和团结。随着这些土墙的出现，设计师团队希望激发人们对地质研究的兴趣，爱与和谐萦绕在场地受众的身边。

This area also represents the place of memory for the meaning of H.M. the King Bhumibol’s name, ‘The Strength of the Land’, who had the incomparable power to ensure national independence and prosperity and was compared as restraint power, which bring Thai people compassion, friendship and unity. With the appearance of those earthen walls, the designer team hopes to stimulate some interest of geology studies, love and harmony among the people who use this admirable place.

森林城市  Forest-Cities：

国王的一项决定是保护国家森林，修复并恢复森林的肥力，使其作为自然资源造福于周围社区。国王进行了一些与森林的可持续恢复和基于生物多样性的植物选择相关的深入研究，然而目前由于经济增长，商业性质的开发对森林的侵占正在增加。因此，通过隐喻和对比的方式进行场地解读，让用户能够在视觉上感知或置身其中，这是该区域的主要设计理念。

One of the H.M. the King’s determinations is to protect the nation’s forests, rehabilitate and bring fertility back to them, so that they can benefit as natural resources for the surrounding communities. A number of profound studies, related to sustainable forest rehabilitation and plant selection for biological diversity, had been done by him; however, at present, the encroachments of forests for business purposes are increasing resulting from the economic growth. Therefore, interpretation by metaphorical comparison in which users are able to perceive visually and/or bring themselves amidst in the place is the main design concept of this area.

坡道上的混凝土柱子通向主展览大楼，具有象征的特性。可以根据个人的想象进行不同的解读：例如，如果有人认为这些柱子是高层建筑，那么他/她可能会觉得自己置身于一个大的城市景观中；然而，如果有人仰望天空或是主广场上的树阵，他可能会感受到大自然的伟大以及大自然是如何保护人类的。另一方面，如果你想象混凝土柱子是树干或大自然的一部分，再回望主干道上的城市景观，你会感觉到城市人和森林之间的距离越来越远。设计师希望这个森林区域可以让受众意识到自己是自然的一部分以及保护森林的重要性。

The concrete columns along the ramp, leading to the main exhibition building, represent symbolic features, which can be interpreted differently, depending on individual’s imagination. For example, if one perceives these features as high-rise buildings, one may feel himself/herself being in a large cityscape. While, if one look up towards the sky or the groups of trees at the main recreation plaza, one may perceive the greatness of nature and how nature protects mankind. On the other hand, if one imagines that the concrete columns were trunks of trees or part of nature and looks back at the cityscape at the main road, one may feel the increasing distance between urban people and the forest. One of the designer’s expectations is that this designed forest area could create the users’ consciousness of being a part of nature and the importance of forest conservation.   

由于国王的决心，设计师团队意识到当今喧嚣的社会导致人们缺乏意识并表现出不当的行为举止。“自我意识”是这里主要的设计理念。在景观细节的设计中，设计师选用了光面或镜面材料。当人们在此消磨时间时，就可能会在周围的环境中看到自己，镜面反射出来的还有其他人、树木和天空。这是一个巧妙的策略，让人们意识到他们是社会和环境的一部分，而不是只关注个人利益的个体。

Based on H.M. the King’s determination, the designer team realizes that our present hustle society leads to lack of consciousness among people resulting in inappropriate manners. Therefore, ‘self-consciousness’ is the main design concept here. Glossy or mirror-like materials are carefully selected in landscape detail’s design. While the users spend their time within the areas, they may have an opportunity to see themselves in the surrounding ambiances, such as other people, trees and the sky, reflected from those materials. This is an ingenious strategy to build people’s awareness that they are a part of the society and environment instead of focusing only on personal benefits.    

▼Sanitas Studio设计的反映“自我意识”的部分，点击阅读更多  Crafted Land by Sanitas Studio, Click here to read more

▼镜面反射出的人、树木和天空  People, trees and the sky are reflected from the materials.

▼总平面图  Plan

项目名称: Patumwananurak公园(第二部分)
设计年份: 2011年
完成年份: 2015年
设计: RAFA Design Office Co.,Ltd.
项目地点: 泰国曼谷
景观面积: 15,000平方米
照片版权: Milk Photography
合作伙伴:
1. RAFA Plus Architect Co.,Ltd.
2. International Project Administation Co.,Ltd.
3. Sanitas Studio
客户: 王室资产管理局

Project Name: Patumwananurak Park (Part 2)
Design Year: 2011
Completion Year: 2015
Design: RAFA Design Office Co.,Ltd.
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Landscape Area (square meters): 15,000 Sq.m
Photo Credits: Milk Photography
Partners:
1. RAFA Plus Architect Co.,Ltd.
2. International Project Administation Co.,Ltd.
3. Sanitas Studio
Clients: The Crown Property Bureau

更多 Read more about：RAFA Design