南京-汤山矿坑公园 / 张唐景观

张唐景观：矿坑公园是张唐景观目前完成（部分建成）的尺度最大的一个项目，总设计范围有40公顷，由南京汤山温泉旅游管委会主导开发建设。刚接触到这个项目时心里非常忐忑。过去的一些年，我们服务的主要客户是地产或私营投资方，极少参与政府公共项目，由于对其中的操作方法与流程不熟悉，让我们对最终的完成度没有把握。

Z+T Studio: Tangshan Quarry Park, a former abandoned stone mining site, demonstrates how strong landscape design could transform a human activity destination to the different purpose, and catalyze local community revitalization. It’s the largest scale project that Z+T Studio currently involved, as well as one of the very few non-private development in our portfolio.

场地距离南京约一小时车程，位于汤山国家旅游度假区内汤山山体南侧。在东南大学对汤山温泉小镇的新规划中，这里将成为吸引未来旅游度假人群的目的地之一。

从几公里外的道路上清晰可见的几个废弃的采石宕口，曾是汤山最大的废弃矿坑龙泉采石场。项目的初衷是如何让这几个赫赫然的宕口复绿，并为未来的旅游休闲活动提供场所。宕口远看伤痕累累，走进却气势恢宏——植物已经悄然的从破碎的石缝中慢慢长出，与冷峻的石壁搭配成漂亮的肌理；巨大的采石场的尺度让人觉得不可触、不可及，但是热血沸腾。

The 40 hectares site is one-hour driving from Nanjing, at the south of Tangshan National Tourism Resort. Identified with three stunning scale of excavated craters, it could be visualized from miles away. The original intention of the project was to cover up the excavation with Geo-slope protection and make the craters invisible. However, after viewing the beautiful stone textures combined with newly sprout plants from cracks, we decided to preserve the dramatic momentum and let the derelict cured by itself.

▼基地现状 Existing

工业废弃地改造项目在国内外已有许多成功案例，从西雅图的煤气站公园，到德国的杜伊斯堡景观公园，从中山的造船厂公园到上海的辰山矿坑花园，每个项目都有具体的场地条件及挖掘潜力，提供了可充分利用的特殊资源。张唐景观与南京同道建筑和东南大学的老师，以及同项目甲方多次对项目现场踏勘，共同协商设计，探讨未来管理运营策略等。虽然项目还没有完全呈现，但使用者对目前开放部分的热情，让我们对未建成部分充满期待。

景观设计通过梳理现场地形和水文，在已经被破坏的自然碎片基础上形成丰富的体验场所，包括四个不同景观功能的宕口（温泉酒店、攒子瀑、天空走廊、伴山营地），阡陌花涧、矿野拾趣与三叠湖，以及服务配套的餐厅茶室等。

▼项目平面图 Master Plan

▼场地实景 Real scene

原有山体上的多个采石坑，互相独立并不相通。这个独特的条件允许各个采石坑可以有不同的功能定位：最东侧的宕口深而隐蔽被定位成静谧休闲的温泉酒店附属设施；最西侧的开阔宽广，被用于音乐节露营房车等热闹的公共开放场所；中间的两个宕口成为公园游览的体验区。经过地质专家综合评估，采石破坏的山体岩壁由于其特殊的地质特征，即使经过加固，也不能完全排除未来崩塌和落石等安全隐患。因此，我们对景观游览路线和方式进行了多种可能性研究，综合安全、造价、体验、生态等多个因素做出选择。

Responding to the existing topography and hydrology, the site was regraded and transformed into a vibrant experimenting destination, including four different reused quarry sites, meadow field, playground and Sandie (Three Drops) Lake. Due to their distinctive geological features, each pit was introduced with different functions: the far eastern side quarry is deep and concealed, which is positioned as a quiet and relaxing spa area belong to a hotel; the west side quarry is open and abroad that perfectly functions for music festival and camping; the two middle craters are mostly visual significant, and become the new perspectives exposed to the public. Moreover, hiking system has been taking into consideration based on safety, cost, maintenance, different type of experience and the sensitivity of ecology. The safety issue is one of the most important concern all the time. To eliminate future collapse anchoring devices of erosion control is specialized by engineers and slope protection specialists.

游人进入公园后先到自然汇水而成的湿地湖泊区，然后沿坡道到达湿地草甸及阡陌花涧。通过一个“时光隧道”进入第一个宕口的底部，然后拾阶而上逐渐体验曾经的采石场粗犷陡峭的岩壁，几经转折到达一个可以远眺公园全景的平台。这里是旧有采石场堆放废弃石渣形成的一个相对平坦的场地。之后，通过栈道进入相邻的另一个宕口，沿侧壁逐渐下到坑底，从坑里出来到达矿野拾趣乐园。

Passing through the gateway of entrance, visitors will first encounter a pond with wetland functioned with storm run-off. Following the zigzag ramp and meandering through the meadow field, people will arrive at the bottom of one quarry through a “Time Tunnel”. Alongside the cor-ten steel stair case, which evokes the rough texture of rocks and color, people eventually reach a platform overlooking the whole park. Another adjacent quarry needs to be reached by walking through a connecting corridor. Visitors will come out of it and land to the Quarry playground at the end.

▼三叠湖 The Pond

▼阡陌花涧 The Rain Garden

▼观景平台 The Platform

▼沿壁栈道 The Corridor

矿野拾趣乐园原为采石场堆放废料的地方，原有植被和水文已被完全破坏。根据现场条件，在恢复水文生态加固山坡基础上，我们将攀爬、滑梯、秋千滑索、蹦床等等活动设施组合在一起，形成矿坑特色的游憩场所。这是该项目目前最先完成的部分。

The playground featured with industrial characteristic, is designed for all ages by climbing, slides, swing, trampoline under the unique background. As original crush stone pileup, the existing slopes is reinforced for heavy duty facilities and playground equipment.

▼矿野拾趣乐园 The Quarry Playground

项目见解 Some insights of the project

参与设计建造南京城市双修示范项目的矿坑公园，对我们来说有很多启发意义，比如：各地的城市（郊野）公园在过去很多年都扮演着提升土地价值、促进房地产开发的作用，其短期目的性使用及后期运营维护令人担忧。南京汤山矿坑公园引入适当的经营项目，包括矿坑温泉中心、音乐节、房车营地、儿童乐园、餐厅茶室、博物馆等等，既能服务游客，又为未来公园管理提供了经费，保证了公园有质量的维护。这为未来城市（郊野）公园提供了一个长期的良性发展范式。

City parks used to play a role of upgrading land value and promoting real estate development in the past decades. The short-term purpose development always creates dysfunction by lacking of maintenance. However, Nanjing Tangshan Quarry Park has introduced multilevel of tenants and facilities, either hot spring hotel and restaurants for tourists, or music festival, camping ground, playground for families and communities, which will finance future management in a positive way. It well-establishes a potential city park model for the communities in China.

自然山水一旦伤筋动骨再自我修复是一个漫长的过程。人为介入简单地覆盖上一层土壤将其变绿可能是容易的，其生态意义却非常让人质疑。让采石破坏的崖壁人工变绿需要花费的代价非常大，其效果却难以预估。那么如果掩盖错误并不能让人类未来少犯类似的错误，不如让人看到这些破坏，从而更加敬畏和珍视自然。这何尝又不是一种环境教育。

The resilience of nature is extremely challenge as the undermining geological feature as mountains. Intervening the natural renovation process with covering Geo-cells with dirt and green is always controversial for the unpredictable effect, without thinking about overall cost. If concealing mistakes cannot prevent less unsophisticated development in the future, this park will bring a positive impact of education for how human beings should balance environmental challenge and encourage more sustainable solutions of development.

项目名称：南京-汤山矿坑公园
景观设计：上海张唐景观设计事务所
设计团队：张东、唐子颖、张卿、徐敏、陈逸帆、袁帅、杨玉鹏、刘昕、卞少豪
装置设计：张唐艺术工作室
设计团队：刘洪超、郑佳林、范炎杰、孙川
生态设计：张唐自然工作室
设计团队：王墨、徐敏
甲方：南京汤山温泉旅游度假区管委会
城市规划：东南大学、南京东南大学城市设计研究院有限公司、南京同道建筑设计有限公司
摄影：张海
地址：南京市江宁区汤山街道美泉路与泉都大街交界处往西200米

Project name: Nanjing – Tangshan Quarry Park
Landscape design: Z+T Studio
Design team: Dong Zhang, Ziying Tang, Qing Zhang, Min Xu, Yifan Chen, Shuai Yuan, Yupeng Yang, Xin Liu, Shaohao Bian
Installation design: Art Workshop (Z+T Studio)
Design team: Hongchao Liu, Jialin Zheng, Yanjie Fan, Chuan Sun
Ecological design: Biophilic Lab (Z+T Studio)
Design team: Mo Wang, Min Xu
Client: Nanjing Tangshan Hot Spring Resort Management Committee
Urban planning: Southeast University, Nanjing Southeast University Urban Design and Research Institute co., LTD., ToTao Design
Photography: Hai Zhang
Project location: 200 meters west of the junction of Meiquan road and Quandu street, Tangshan street, Jiangning district, Nanjing, China

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